The name is in Arabic
David son of Isha (or Jesse).
Title
The Prophet, the King, the Companion of the Psalms.
Chronological order
He came after the first prophets of the children of Israel (such as Moses, Joshua, and Elisha).
Mission location
Palestine (Jerusalem).
📜 Lineage and birth
Lineage: He is a descendant of Judah bin Jacob, peace be upon him.
Growing up: He grew up in Bethlehem, and he was young when his strength and courage appeared.
⚔️ David, Taloot, and Goliath
The story of David, peace be upon him, came in the context of the children of Israel after a period of wandering and weakness, when God chose for them Taloot (Saul) as a king to lead them in the fight against their enemy.
The appearance of Goliath: The king of the enemies (the giants or the Philistines) was Goliath (Goliath), and he was a mighty and powerful man whom the people feared.
Choosing Taloot: God chose Taloot as king of the children of Israel. When they faced Goliath and his soldiers, many became cowardly.
David's victory: David, peace be upon him, was a young man in Talut's army. David boldly stepped forward to confront Goliath.
Killing Goliath: David did not duel Goliath with a sword. Rather, he used a slingshot and threw a stone that struck Goliath in the head, killing him. So they defeated them, God willing, and David killed Goliath, and God gave him kingdom and wisdom and taught him He wills$ (Al-Baqarah:
👑 Prophecy and kingship
Combining prophecy and kingship: After the victory of the children of Israel and the death of Taloot, God gave David kingship and prophecy. He was a just king who led the children of Israel and a prophet revealed to him.
Establishing a strong kingdom: David, peace be upon him, established a strong and stable kingdom with Jerusalem as its capital, in which justice and order prevailed.
📖 Miracles and virtues
Revealing of the Psalms: God revealed to David, peace be upon him, a holy book, the Psalms, which contained praises, sermons, remembrance, and supplications, and did not contain detailed provisions like the Torah.
Glorifying the mountains and birds: God gave him a unique miracle, as the mountains and birds used to praise him and obey him when he recited the verses of the Psalms in his beautiful voice: “O mountains, Obi are with him and the birds” (Saba: 10).
The malleability of iron: God granted him another miracle, which was the malleability of the iron in his hand like dough, without the need for fire or a hammer, so he used to make shining armor from it (full and tight armor) to protect his soldiers: $And We made iron for him * to do what is right and to excel in the narrative$ (Saba: 10-11).
Worship and fasting: The most beloved fast to God was the fast of David (he fasts one day and breaks his fast the next), and the most beloved prayer to God is the prayer of David (he sleeps half the night, gets up for a third of it, and sleeps a sixth of it).
⚖️ Wisdom in judiciary
David, peace be upon him, was famous for his wisdom in settling disputes (judiciary). One of the most famous stories of his rule is his story with the two opponents who fenced off the mihrab.
⌛ His age and death
His age: David, peace be upon him, lived for about 100 years (including 40 years as a king and a prophet).
Death: He died in Jerusalem.
Caliphate: His son Suleiman, peace be upon him, inherited the kingdom and prophecy after him.
Note: The story of David, peace be upon him, is an example of the combination of kingly power, military courage, reverence for prophecy, and asceticism in worship.